How disaster experiences shape citizens' initial responses

They also referred to prior disaster experiences within living memory where panic, in their opinion, did occur as an initial response to a disaster.

Cultural Factors: Individual/collective memory

Hazards: Natural hazards, Man-made non-intentional hazards or emergency situations, Man-made intentional hazards

Disaster Phases: Response

Recommendations:

• Use local knowledge, collective memory and shared cultural values to improve disaster preparedness, response and recovery