Citizen perceived effectiveness of different responders

The results show that the strongest perceived effectiveness was assigned to the fire brigade, medical emergency services and civil protection, whereas less than half of the participants perceived the media and the local police to be effective or very effective in providing help in case of a disaster. The same picture is revealed for these authorities' respective trustworthiness in case of a disaster. However, there were slightly more participants who trusted the local police (42% trust or trust a lot), and the media were trusted least (only 33% trust or trust a lot).

Cultural Factors: Attitudes toward authorities

Hazards: Natural hazards, Man-made non-intentional hazards or emergency situations, Man-made intentional hazards

Disaster Phases: Response

Types of Actors Concerned: National civil protection body, Local authorities, Government, Red Cross, NGOs, Military, Law enforcement agencies, Healthcare and emergency services

Recommendations:

• Engage in activities and develop strategies aiming to improve trust between citizens and authorities